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Download full textSarwanto; Fajari, Laksmi Evasufi Widi; Chumdari – International Journal of Instruction, 2021
Critical thinking skills are the 21st-century life skills that are needed by students. However, in elementary schools, there are no instruments that are truly effective and efficient to measure critical thinking skills. This research aims to develop an open-ended question assessment instrument to measure students' critical-thinking skills, to test…
Descriptors: Critical Thinking, Thinking Skills, Teaching Methods, Questioning Techniques
Direct linkCreagh, Susan – Race, Ethnicity and Education, 2016
Since 2008 Australia has held the National Assessment Program: Literacy and Numeracy (known as NAPLAN) for all students in years 3, 5, 7 and 9. Despite the multilingual character of the Australian population, these standardized literacy and numeracy tests are built on an assumption of English as a first language competency. The capacity for…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Language Usage, English Language Learners, Refugees
