Mothers of the digital era, as their children's media educators, need to acquire media literacy skills more than ever. Despite the importance of media literacy training for mothers, there has been limited research in this field. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Self- Paced Learning (SPL) and Community of Inquiry (CoI)…

The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the adoption of online learning methods worldwide, including in Malaysia. The Ministry of Education (MoE) in Malaysia has recognized the importance of online learning due to the implementation of Movement Control Order (MCO). However, the limitations of online learning, such as reduced interaction between…

Historically, learning for young students has occurred in formal, in-person classroom environments. But in just a matter of weeks, children were mandated to transition to a completely new mode of learning, facing new learning challenges with heightened anxieties. To this end, we aim to better understand how our learning experience design (LXD)…