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Rodriguez, Nuria; Acha, Joana – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2022
This study presents the results of a cross-sectional reading and spelling assessment conducted among 118 Spanish children in 3rd, 4th and 5th grade. The first aim was to explore whether children's use of orthographic knowledge was modulated by lexical variables--word frequency and orthographic neighborhood--or sublexical…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Elementary School Students, Grade 3, Grade 4
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Grapin, Scott E.; Llosa, Lorena – Educational Assessment, 2022
Traditionally, content assessments have been carried out through written language. However, the latest standards in U.S. K-12 education expect all students, including English learners (ELs), to demonstrate their content learning using multiple modalities. This study examined the performance of fifth-grade students at varying levels of English…
Descriptors: Student Evaluation, English Language Learners, Science Instruction, Grade 5