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Tracy Noble; Craig S. Wells; Ann S. Rosebery – Educational Assessment, 2023
This article reports on two quantitative studies of English learners' (ELs) interactions with constructed-response items from a Grade 5 state science test. Study 1 investigated the relationships between the constructed-response item-level variables of English Reading Demand, English Writing Demand, and Background Knowledge Demand and the…
Descriptors: Grade 5, State Standards, Standardized Tests, Science Tests
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Hung, Pi-Hsia; Hwang, Gwo-Jen; Lee, Yueh-Hsun; Wu, Tsung-Hsun; Vogel, Bahtijar; Milrad, Marcelo; Johansson, Emil – Educational Technology & Society, 2014
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a ubiquitous problem-based learning system (UPBLS) on students' question-raising performance in field inquiry activities. An experiment was conducted on an elementary school natural science course. A total of 43 sixth and fifth grade elementary students divided into experienced and…
Descriptors: Problem Based Learning, Electronic Learning, Elementary School Science, Elementary School Students