The Arabic language is one of the essential and lively communication languages of today's world, making it inevitable to benefit from new methods that will develop four basic language skills in an equal and balanced way in Arabic teaching. However, it is essential to determine how effective and appropriate this teaching is in terms of feedback.…

The textbook used for fifth grade elementary students in an elementary school in Kuningan, West Java claims to offer Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) questions on the cover of the textbook and some questions have been labeled as HOTS questions. This research investigated the validity of this claim, analyzing the levels of cognitive domain of…

This research aims at examining and analyzing the potential that textbooks in the field of Languages and Communication provide in achieving the competence: student as a critical thinker. The data on the textbooks is collected according to the Delphi report, which is used as a standardized report in available published research on the development…

This paper examines the role of traditional language teaching methodology on the current language teaching methodology in Turkey from the Path Dependence Theory perspective. Path Dependence claims that the past continues shaping the present. Similarly, traditional approaches still shape foreign/second language education. Turkey has inherited a…

The "No Child Left Behind Act" establishes federal education policy for the United States, with a heavy focus on accountability through high-stakes testing. Provisions specific to English language learners (ELLs) include the mandate for their inclusion in state math tests, even for newcomer students enrolled for less than one year. Most…