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Sarwanto; Fajari, Laksmi Evasufi Widi; Chumdari – International Journal of Instruction, 2021
Critical thinking skills are the 21st-century life skills that are needed by students. However, in elementary schools, there are no instruments that are truly effective and efficient to measure critical thinking skills. This research aims to develop an open-ended question assessment instrument to measure students' critical-thinking skills, to test…
Descriptors: Critical Thinking, Thinking Skills, Teaching Methods, Questioning Techniques
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Morell, Linda – Middle Grades Research Journal, 2008
This study used a national validity project to investigate specific research questions regarding the intersections among aspects of validity, educational measurement, and cognitive theory. Validity evidence was collected through traditional paper and pencil tests, surveys, think-alouds, and exit interviews of fifth and sixth grade students, as…
Descriptors: Protocol Analysis, Science Tests, Measurement, Grade 6