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Mix, Kelly S.; Levine, Susan C.; Cheng, Yi-Ling; Stockton, Jerri DaSha; Bower, Corinne – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2021
A pretest-training-posttest design assessed whether training to improve spatial skills also improved mathematics performance in elementary-aged children. First grade students (mean age = 7 years, n = 134) and sixth grade students (mean age = 12 years, n = 124) completed training in 1 of 2 spatial skills--spatial visualization or form…
Descriptors: Grade 1, Grade 6, Mathematics Achievement, Spatial Ability
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Zhao, Hongyang; Alexander, Patricia A.; Sun, Yuting – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2021
The overarching goal of this 2-phase study was to investigate the contributions of relational reasoning to mathematical thinking and performance for 790 primary and middle-school Chinese students. Phase I of the study was undertaken to establish the reliability and validity of the Test of Relational Reasoning-Junior (TORRjr), a 32-item measure…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Elementary School Students, Middle School Students, Mathematical Logic