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Investigating the Contribution of L1 Fluency, L2 Initial Fluency, Working Memory and Phonological Memory to L2 Fluency Development

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Nancy Gagné; Leif M. French; Kirsten M. Hummel – Language Teaching Research, 2025

Within the same learning context, learners' outcomes in terms of oral fluency vary greatly. This study tracked the relative contributions that first language (L1) and initial second language (L2) fluency skill and working memory (WM) made to L2 fluency development. We assessed the performance of French-speaking Grade 6 learners' (n = 47, mean age:…

Descriptors: Language Fluency, Short Term Memory, Native Language, Second Language Learning

The Use of Picture Word Inductive Model Focusing on Chinese Culture to Promote Young Learners' English Vocabulary Acquisition

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Zhao, Meilin; Lornklang, Thanachart – Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 2019

As the foundation of English, the vocabulary difficulty should be removed first with effective instructions to develop learners' English ability in order to meet the request of Thailand's national curriculum. In addition, because English is used as a medium of intercultural communication and one component of language learning, diverse cultural…

Descriptors: Vocabulary Development, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction