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Download full textNaYoung Hwang; Cory Koedel – Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University, 2022
We evaluate the effects of grade retention on students' academic, attendance, and disciplinary outcomes in Indiana. Using a regression discontinuity design, we show that third grade retention increases achievement in English Language Arts (ELA) and math immediately and substantially, and the effects persist into middle school. We find no evidence…
Descriptors: Grade Repetition, Academic Achievement, Attendance, Student Behavior
