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Pace, Judith L. – Theory and Research in Social Education, 2011
This article contributes to research on the impact of high stakes accountability on social studies teaching where it is "not" tested by the state, and addresses the question of what is happening in middle and higher performing versus struggling schools (Wills, 2007). The author presents complex findings from a qualitative study in five…
Descriptors: Middle Class, Program Effectiveness, Literacy, Accountability
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Banks, Kathleen – Applied Measurement in Education, 2012
The purpose of this article is to illustrate a seven-step process for determining whether inferential reading items were more susceptible to cultural bias than literal reading items. The seven-step process was demonstrated using multiple-choice data from the reading portion of a reading/language arts test for fifth and seventh grade Hispanic,…
Descriptors: Reading Tests, Test Items, Standardized Tests, Test Bias