This conceptual paper addresses fluency instruction and assessment for students with or at risk for reading disabilities. Although a multidimensional construct, fluency tests more often have been limited to measuring students' reading rate and accuracy. The reasons for this are explained as well as how fluency tests have influenced classroom…

Various technology-based interventions exist to support writing for students with learning disabilities (LD). However, it is not enough to simply provide access to technology. How it is implemented by teachers may affect student outcomes. In this study, three special education teachers used a technology-based graphic organizer (TBGO) with embedded…

The English language plays a major role around the world, making it important to learn English in order to participate and communicate in our globalized age. Adequate foreign language (L2) skills are important for everyday life and can even enhance performance in one's first language (L1). A growing number of very heterogeneous classrooms make it…

The purpose of this article is to provide a review on the effectiveness of story mapping to improve the reading comprehension skills of middle and high school (Grades 6-12) students with learning disabilities (LD). An extensive review of the special education research-base revealed twelve (N = 12) story mapping intervention studies that met our…

This study evaluated perceived social support and self-esteem in 66 students who attended a private school for students with learning disabilities. Results from a hierarchical regression analysis indicated that support from parents predicted 35% of the variance in global self-worth. Support from classmates, close friends, and teachers did not make…

This study compared the effects of two types of instruction on the learning of content-area vocabulary words of six middle school students with learning disabilities. A multiple-baseline design across participants was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the two instructional models (i.e., definition and concept model) on the percent of…