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Direct linkMinda Tan; Shuiyun Liu – SAGE Open, 2023
Shadow education helps students become academically competitive. Currently, little is known about whether shadow education can effectively fulfill either remedial or enrichment purposes in China. Using the nationally representative data from the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) collected in 2013 and 2014, this paper explored the opportunity gap…
Descriptors: Human Capital, Private Education, Tutoring, Socioeconomic Status
Sanchez, Serafin V.; Rodriguez, Billie Jo; Soto-Huerta, Mary Esther; Villarreal, Felicia Castro; Guerra, Norma Susan; Flores, Belinda Bustos – Language Assessment Quarterly, 2013
Current assessment practices in the United States are not able to accurately capture the total linguistic, cognitive, and achievement abilities of bilingual learners. There are psychometric complexities involved when assessing and interpreting test results of bilingual students, which impact the validity of this practice. Further, the compromise…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Psychometrics, Difficulty Level, Language Tests
