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Paek, Insu; Park, Hyun-Jeong; Cai, Li; Chi, Eunlim – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2014
Typically a longitudinal growth modeling based on item response theory (IRT) requires repeated measures data from a single group with the same test design. If operational or item exposure problems are present, the same test may not be employed to collect data for longitudinal analyses and tests at multiple time points are constructed with unique…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Comparative Analysis, Test Items, Equated Scores
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Yli-Piipari, Sami; Kokkonen, Juha – Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 2014
The study examined the role of motivation in students' performance and engagement in elementary and middle school physical education. Cross-lagged relationships between performance and engagement were investigated across Grades 6-9. A total of 763 (365 girls, 398 boys) Finnish school students (11- to 12-year old) were followed across three years.…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Elementary School Students, Middle School Students, Expectation