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Mulder, Evelien; van de Ven, Marco; Segers, Eliane; Krepel, Alexander; de Bree, Elise H.; de Jong, Peter F.; Verhoeven, Ludo – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2021
We assessed the relationship between word-to-text-integration (WTI) and reading comprehension in 7th grade students (n = 441) learning English as a second language (L2). The students performed a self-paced WTI reading task in Fall (T1) and Spring (T2), consisting of three text manipulation types (anaphora resolution, argument overlap, anomaly…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Language Fluency
Sung, Pei-Ju; Lin, Su-Wei; Hung, Pi-Hsia – Universal Journal of Educational Research, 2015
Task difficulty is a critical issue affecting test developers. Controlling or balancing the item difficulty of an assessment improves its validity and discrimination. Test developers construct tests from the cognitive perspective, by making the test constructing process more scientific and efficient; thus, the scores obtained more precisely…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Listening, Listening Comprehension, Listening Comprehension Tests

Sham, Diana Po Lan – Online Submission, 2002
The research was conducted in Sydney and Hong Kong using students, from grades 5 to 9, whose first language or teaching medium was English, learning to read Chinese as second language. According to cognitive load theory, the processing of single Chinese characters accompanied by pictures should impose extraneous cognitive load and thus hinders…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, English, Native Language, Chinese
Sampson, Demetrios G., Ed.; Spector, J. Michael, Ed.; Ifenthaler, Dirk, Ed.; Isaias, Pedro, Ed. – International Association for Development of the Information Society, 2013
These proceedings contain the papers of the IADIS International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in the Digital Age (CELDA 2013), October 22-24, 2013, which has been organized by the International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS), co-organized by The University of North Texas (UNT), sponsored by the…
Descriptors: Conference Papers, Cognitive Processes, Learning Processes, Short Term Memory