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Arora, Puneet; Wright, Nicholas – Education Economics, 2022
Academic feedback has a direct impact on students' effort decisions and academic performance. However, the grades that are reported to students are often based on institutional or instructor preferences, with entities adopting a discrete or fine grading scale. In this study, we utilize a field experiment to assess how a Letter (LGS) or Numerical…
Descriptors: Grading, Alphabets, Numbers, Gender Differences
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Odom, Arthur Louis; Bell, Clare Valerie – International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 2015
The purpose of this study was to examine the association of middle school student science achievement and attitudes about science with student-reported frequency of teacher lecture demonstrations and student-centered learning. The student sample was composed of 602 seventh- and eighth-grade students enrolled in middle school science. Multiple…
Descriptors: Middle School Students, Science Achievement, Student Attitudes, Secondary School Science