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Marsh, Herbert W.; Ludtke, Oliver; Nagengast, Benjamin; Trautwein, Ulrich; Morin, Alexandre J. S.; Abduljabbar, Adel S.; Koller, Olaf – Educational Psychologist, 2012
Classroom context and climate are inherently classroom-level (L2) constructs, but applied researchers sometimes--inappropriately--represent them by student-level (L1) responses in single-level models rather than more appropriate multilevel models. Here we focus on important conceptual issues (distinctions between climate and contextual variables;…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Classroom Environment, Educational Research, Research Design
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Wang, Shudong; Jiao, Hong – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2009
In practice, vertical scales have been continually used to measure students' achievement progress across several grade levels and have been considered very challenging psychometric procedures. Recently, such practices have been drawing many criticisms. The major criticisms focus on dimensionality and construct equivalence of the latent trait or…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Elementary Secondary Education, Measures (Individuals), Psychometrics
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Owen, Steven V.; Toepperwein, Mary Anne; Pruski, Linda A.; Blalock, Cheryl L.; Liu, Yan; Marshall, Carolyn E.; Lichtenstein, Michael J. – Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 2007
The Women in Science Scale (WiSS) was first developed in 1984, and is still being used in contemporary studies, yet its psychometric properties have not been evaluated with current statistical methods. In this study, the WiSS was administered in its original 27-item form to 1,439 middle and high school students. Confirmatory factor analysis based…
Descriptors: Evaluation Research, Women Scientists, Factor Structure, Measures (Individuals)