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González Martín, Ana María; Pulte, William; Hall, Viviana – Texas Journal of Literacy Education, 2020
Dual language programs are poised to produce bilingual/biliterate teacher candidates to alleviate bilingual educator shortages. Therefore, in search for ways to support the growing number of Spanish/English dual language programs in Texas, the authors of this paper analyzed the variations of Spanish language and proficiency levels of 9th grade…
Descriptors: Spanish, Heritage Education, Bilingualism, Literacy
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De Jonge, Sarah; Kemp, Nenagh – Journal of Research in Reading, 2012
This study investigated the use of text-message abbreviations (textisms) in Australian adolescents and young adults, and relations between textism use and literacy abilities. Fifty-two high school students aged 13-15 years, and 53 undergraduates aged 18-24 years, all users of predictive texting, translated conventional English sentences into…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Adolescents, High School Students, Young Adults