In today's fast-changing world, it is essential to equip English as a Second Language learners with strong literacy skills, empowering them to critically assess information, adjust to technological shifts, and engage in global discussions. However, what remains questionable is the suitable pedagogical practices and the teachers' and the learners'…

From the Cold War to the neoliberal era, state-sanctioned education reforms have been less concerned with responsible citizenship or social justice than matters of national security and economic supremacy. Meanwhile, the United States struggles to climb international education rankings or even close its own national achievement gap. While it…

Conceptual Blending Theory (CBT) (Fauconnier & Turner, 2002), a cognitive theory of human processes of innovation, can be productively used alongside critical literacy approaches, for the analysis of how teachers and learners draw selectively, transformatively and purposively from aspects of the mass media. While numerous studies have pointed…