The purpose of this mixed-method study was to investigate grade 11 university/college stream mathematics students' difficulties in applying conceptual knowledge, procedural skills, strategic competence, and algebraic thinking in solving routine (instructional) algebraic problems. A standardized algebra test was administered to thirty randomly…

Students hold many misconceptions as they transition from arithmetic to algebraic thinking, and these misconceptions can hinder their performance and learning in the subject. To identify the errors in Algebra I which are most persistent and pernicious in terms of predicting student difficulty on standardized test items, the present study assessed…

The mission of German special schools is to enhance the education of students with Special Educational Needs in the area of Learning (SEN-L). However, recent studies indicate that students with SEN-L from special schools show difficulties in basic arithmetical operations, and the development of basic mathematical skills during secondary special…

The purpose of high-school education has generally been twofold--not only to furnish preparation for college, but also to provide some of the elements of a liberal education for those whose formal and directed study is to go no further. In not a few communities high schools were established in which the former purpose was expressly waived; but…