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Direct linkZhang, Xiaowan; Winke, Paula; Clark, Shaunna – Language Learning, 2020
Answering calls to map college-level proficiency development (Modern Language Association, 2007) and longitudinally chart language learning (Barkaoui, 2014; Ortega & Byrnes, 2008), we mapped the oral proficiency growth of 1,922 lower-division college students of Chinese, French, Russian, and Spanish (in the second, third, or fourth semester of…
Descriptors: Oral Language, Language Proficiency, College Second Language Programs, College Students
Xu, Xiaoqiu; Padilla, Amado M.; Silva, Duarte M. – Foreign Language Annals, 2015
This study compared the Mandarin performance of elementary immersion program students and high school world language program students in the same school district. A cross-sectional design was employed to gather information on Mandarin proficiency of fourth and fifth graders and Level 4 and Level 5 (AP Chinese) high school students who took the…
Descriptors: High School Students, Second Language Programs, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
