The objectives of this research were to (1) Develop the lesson plans by using a Flipped Classroom through a 3D Virtual classroom with Metaverse Spatial, (2) Compare the grammar achievement after implementing a Flipped Classroom through a 3D Virtual classroom with Metaverse Spatial, and (3) Explore the students' satisfaction for using a 3D virtual…

Virtual Reality (VR) as an interactive, illustrative, and immersive learning environment has ample opportunities for the development of language skills. Despite a growing literature on VR-assisted language learning, the benefit of VR for L2 listening is in need of further investigation. To fill this lacuna, the current study surveyed the impact of…

The developments in technology bring to mind the questions of how the acquisitions and contents of the curriculum in the foreign language teaching process can be transferred to the students in a more effective and permanent way and which methods and technological opportunities can be used in the education process, revealing that different…

AR and VR are new introductions in many developing countries, including Malaysia. The present study conducted a qualitative case study with 23 high school teachers and investigated their perceptions of AR and VR in English language teaching and learning activities. A semi-structured interview was employed to collect the data. The data was analysed…

This mixed-method pre-test/post-test experimental study aims to investigate the effects of Augmented Reality (AR) supported English as a foreign language course on 42 high school students' attitudes towards the English language course, on learners' beliefs of self-efficacy in English and on their motivation towards the instructional materials used…

A prescribed English language textbook often directs classroom teaching practices in secondary school classes in EFL contexts, such as in South Korea. The textbook is often accompanied by multimedia resources which are delivered to students as input at a regulated pace with limited opportunities for communicative interaction or spoken output. Such…

To explore knowledge co-construction patterns and learning motivation within virtual EFL co-creation environments, this study examined behavioral patterns and motivation in three different co-creation environments (paper-based, 2D digital, and 3D VR co-creation) through sequential behavioral analysis and ANCOVA. The study utilized a…

Research on vocabulary acquisition in digital game-based learning has been increasing over the years, with advancements in technology giving rise to numerous learning alternatives in second language acquisition. As virtual reality gaming offers new opportunities to explore its effectiveness in language learning, it is thus important to investigate…

World language teachers are a special breed of teacher. In some cases, traveling and speaking other languages has profoundly changed their lives and they've channeled their passion into a career. In other cases, teachers are from another country, and are passionate about sharing their language and culture with students. World language teachers…

Digital learning has become an inevitable trend with many benefits for students' learning performance and motivation. However, Virtual Reality, a pervasive mode of digital learning nowadays, has incurred ambivalence among teachers over the years due to its high cost and other technical concerns. Panoramic image VR (PIVR) is a cost-efficient…

The advancement of technology has provided new avenues for English language teachers to assist students in improving their language learning processes. Augmented reality is an emerging technology that can implement virtual objects into the physical learning environment. This quantitative study aimed to determine the impact of employing augmented…

Augmented reality (AR) deepens learning interactions by imposing digital information on top of physical settings. This study implemented an AR-enhanced theme-based contextualized learning and aimed to examine the effects of captions (non-caption, English caption and Chinese caption) and English proficiency (less proficient and proficient) on…

eTwinning is a telecollaboration initiative which was launched in 2005 by the European Commission. Turkey joined the platform in 2009 with a number of schools, teachers and projects. However, there is still plenty of room for studies on the role of eTwinning in the field of EFL. Aiming to discover the role of eTwinning in a specific Turkish EFL…

As online K-12 education continues to expand, concerns about its quality have taken centre stage. This study utilised online learning satisfaction as an outcome indicator for the success of online learning, and investigated student- and teacher-level factors that affected it among 226 high school students taking online world language courses from…

More and more Japanese students are studying abroad and the Japanese government has set a target of 180,000 students to study abroad each year by 2020 and is providing financial assistance to students to help achieve this goal. However, is financial assistance enough? Surveys conducted with students from a national education-focused university in…