This quasi-experimental research aimed to examine if and to what extent the adaptation of the 4/3/2 technique and self-assessment contributes to the improvement of students' speaking fluency. 24 ninth graders ranging from 11 to 13 years old were separated randomly into control and experimental groups, each having 12 participants. The data were…

Indonesian vocational secondary education reflects the increasingly multilingual demands of globalized education and labor market. This study focuses on two orders of multiple languages that are present in vocational high schools in Semarang, Central Java. It aims not only to describe the different orders of languages, but also to suggest that…

This study aimed at evaluating the implementation of Arabic language learning in Islamic High School (Madrasah Aliyah or MA). This qualitative research applied a phenomenological qualitative approach. The data were collected through Forum Group Discussion (FGD), questionnaires, and in depth-interviews. The participants were 27 Arabic teachers, 9…