This study is an examination of how the ethnic enclaves of Hmong and Vietnamese Americans in California exist as social structures through which patterns of relationships shape postsecondary aspirations and outcomes. Results indicate that Hmong and Vietnamese students faced a number of challenges related to language, linguistic discrimination, poverty, and cultural clashes within and between family and school. Many of the students in this study were forced to use home and school as a dual frame of reference to negotiate expectations at home and at school. The results suggest that the impact of racial and ethnic segregation needs to be examined in the context of language, culture, immigration status, and socioeconomic situations that vary for different subpopulations among Asian Americans.