The advance of pervasive technologies such as mobile technologies and various mobile devices has brought opportunities for educators to design and perform interactive learning activities and has also enabled educationalists to access the virtual learning environment anytime and anywhere without restrictions of time or place and without too much…

It is stated that programming skills, which are ever-increasingly becoming crucial nowadays, have an impact on cognitive processes and promote individual's self-efficacy in different ways. It is noted that students with programming skills have the character of problem solving, inquiry and being able to make decisions, which are all requisites of…