The principal objectives of the present study were threefold--to examine the possible significant group differences in job satisfaction based on age and academic rank; to examine the extent to which university academics were satisfied with their job; and more importantly, to further validate the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) among…

This study investigated the differences between the ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI) and the ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interview - Computer (OPIc) among Spanish learners at a U.S. university. Participants (N = 154) were randomly assigned to take both tests in a counterbalanced order to mitigate test order effects. Data were analyzed using an…

Anxiety is an affective variable that impacts learning negatively by impeding cognitive progress. Anxiety is associated with learners' individual differences such as beliefs, attitudes, expectations, motivation, and emotions. It has been determined in many studies that anxiety affects language learning negatively and interferes with many types of…

This article presents the development, results, validation, and implications of the TRansformative Outcomes and PrOcesses Scale (TROPOS), a 30-item, exploratory instrument to assess transformative learning (TL) among participants in educational programs. Core findings include a reliable ([alpha] = 0.884) and internally valid instrument with…

Purpose: The current study examined several aspects of validity evidence for the Faculty Readiness to Teaching Online (FRTO) scale. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from 307 faculty in higher education. Construct validity was evidenced through an exploratory factor analysis and a reliability coefficient. Differential validity was…

The Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale (AMAS) is commonly used to compare groups on math anxiety. Group comparisons should however be preceded by a demonstration of metric and scalar measurement invariance, which is currently only available for undergraduate students in the USA. This study tested for metric and scalar measurement invariance of AMAS…

This study aims to investigate: (1) the construct validity of the "Blended Learners' Online Component Challenges" BLOCC scale; (2) the internal reliability of the scale; and (3) the differences between blended learners' online component challenges according to different socio-demographic variables for Sport Science students. The sample…

The main purpose of this study is to establish a valid and reliable Turkish version of the Transactional Presence Scale. The study also aims to determine whether learners' personality structures, age, sex, previous experiences of distance education and perceptions of transactional presence are significant predictors of their perceived learning.…

Investigating the possible washback effect of Foreign Language Proficiency Exam called YDS could provide valuable data regarding how test-takers feel about taking this exam. This study aims to design a scale and collect data regarding the possible washback effect of YDS. In the initial phase, with the help of 6 academicians from ELT and testing…

This study reports the results of two successive studies on digital citizenship. 'Study I' aims to adapt the Digital Citizenship Scale, developed by Choi, Glassman and Cristol (2017), into Turkish context, and 'Study II' examines undergraduates' levels of digital citizenship with respect to the variables of age, faculty, gender, amount of daily…

In 2012, the National Health Personnel Licensing Examination Board of Korea decided to publicly disclose all test items and answers to satisfy the test takers' right to know and enhance the transparency of tests administered by the government. This study investigated the effects of item disclosure on the medical licensing examination (MLE),…

Time attitudes (TA) are evaluative feelings toward the past, present and future. Given the role of TA in psychological and behavioral outcomes, the aim of this study was to analyze the adequacy of the Adolescent Time Inventory-Time Attitudes (ATI-TA) scale among adolescents and young adults in Italy. The scale was administered to 638 students in…

The study examined teaching faculty's educational technology-related performances (ETRP) as a measure for predicting eLearning management in Ghana. A total of valid data (n = 164) were collected and analyzed on applied ISTE-NETS-T Performance Standards using descriptive and ANOVA statistics. Results showed an overall moderate performance with the…

A positive self-concept supposedly affects a student's well-being as well as his or her perception of individual competence at school. As computer-based learning is becoming increasingly important in school, a positive computer-related self-concept (CSC) might help to enhance cognitive achievement. Consequently, we focused on establishing a short,…

In most ELT classes, the importance of grammar, how it should be taught or how much it should be integrated into language teaching are still matters of discussion. Considering this fact, learning teachers' attitudes towards teaching grammar is significantly valuable for researchers. This study thus aimed to design a scale that identifies teachers'…