Hailey Schnorr has spent years peering into the bedrooms, kitchens, and dorm rooms of students via Webcam. In her job proctoring online tests for universities, she has learned to focus mainly on students' eyes. Ms. Schnorr works for ProctorU, a company hired by universities to police the integrity of their online courses. ProctorU is part of a…

Questionnaires administered manually can cause surreptitious peer pressure on the candidate to finish when 'the others" have completed theirs, forcing students to rush or skip individual items or may hinder the ability of noticing participants who may be having difficulty understanding certain items. These drawbacks can have serious…