The study reported in this article investigated the appropriateness of Mathematical Knowledge in Teaching of three pre-service primary school teachers (PSTs), teaching an informal statistical inference (ISI) lesson to primary school students. Using an ISI framework and the Knowledge Quartet framework, the presence and appropriateness of the PSTs'…

Researchers are strongly encouraged to accompany the results of statistical tests with appropriate estimates of effect size. For 2-group comparisons, a probability-based effect size estimator ("A") has many appealing properties (e.g., it is easy to understand, robust to violations of parametric assumptions, insensitive to outliers). We review…

This paper examines the tension in the process of designing student surveys between the methodological requirements of good survey design and the institutional needs for survey data. Building on the commonly used argumentative approach to construct validity, I build an interpretive argument for student opinion surveys that allows assessment of the…