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O'Donnell, Ryan E.; Wyble, Brad – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
Working memory allows us to hold specific pieces of information in an active and easily retrieved state, but what happens to that information during an unexpected interruption between study and test? To answer this question, we used a surprise trial paradigm in which an unexpected event precedes a probe of the observer's memory for a search…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Comparative Analysis, Alphabets, Reading Processes
Robert J. Sternberg; Jenna Landy; Jennifer Long – Roeper Review, 2024
Procedures for identifying the gifted often make use of tests of general intelligence, among other assessments. Robert J. Sternberg recently suggested that identification of the gifted should further involve assessment of what he refers to as adaptive intelligence--the ability to adapt to real-world environments. Such a conception of intelligence…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Intelligence Tests, Gifted, Identification
Adelman, James S. – Psychological Review, 2011
Various phenomena in tachistoscopic word identification and priming (WRODS and LTRS are confused with and prime WORDS and LETTERS) suggest that position-specific channels are not used in the processing of letters in words. Previous approaches to this issue have sought alternative matching rules because they have assumed that these phenomena reveal…
Descriptors: Priming, Identification, Word Recognition, Visual Stimuli
Norris, Dennis; Kinoshita, Sachiko – Psychological Review, 2012
The goal of research on how letter identity and order are perceived during reading is often characterized as one of "cracking the orthographic code." Here, we suggest that there is no orthographic code to crack: Words are perceived and represented as sequences of letters, just as in a dictionary. Indeed, words are perceived and represented in…
Descriptors: Psychology, Research, Perception, Identification
Asymmetry in Object Substitution Masking Occurs Relative to the Direction of Spatial Attention Shift
Hirose, Nobuyuki; Osaka, Naoyuki – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2010
A sparse mask that persists beyond the duration of a target can reduce its visibility, a phenomenon called "object substitution masking". Y. Jiang and M. M. Chun (2001a) found an asymmetric pattern of substitution masking such that a mask on the peripheral side of the target caused stronger substitution masking than on the central side.…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Attention Control, Spatial Ability, Hypothesis Testing