The Digital Divide that segments the technology "haves" from the "have-nots" continues to persist despite technology being more accessible than ever before. As schools adopt one-to-one programs in the form of ubiquitous computing programs, it remains unclear whether allowing students to take the devices home would affect the…

Some approaches to teaching mathematics have led to decreased student motivation. Gamification is an application of game elements within nongame settings. While gamification may increase motivation in other contexts, its effective use in digital mathematics instruction to motivate elementary students is undetermined. Based on the constructs of…