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Direct linkElena C. Papanastasiou; Michalis P. Michaelides – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2024
Test-taking behavior is a potential source of construct irrelevant variance for test scores in international large-scale assessments where test-taking effort, motivation, and behaviors in general tend to be confounded with test scores. In an attempt to disentangle this relationship and gain further insight into examinees' test-taking processes,…
Descriptors: Grade 4, Testing, Student Behavior, Test Wiseness
