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Direct linkKivanç Bozkus – European Journal of Education, 2025
This study aimed to employ machine learning techniques to uncover the pivotal determinants influencing the reading proficiency of fourth-grade students across 65 regions, as participants in the PIRLS 2021 assessment. The primary objective was to discern and assess key factors at the student, family and school levels that predict high and low…
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Reading Skills, Grade 4, Elementary School Students
Download full textCombrinck, Celeste; Mtsatse, Nangamso – South African Journal of Education, 2019
South Africa participated in the electronic version of the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (ePIRLS) in 2016 but faced many challenges during implementation. Accurate databases on information and communication technologies (ICT) capacity of schools were not available for sampling in Gauteng, many schools had old and/or…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Grade 4, International Assessment, Achievement Tests
Krashen, Stephen; Lee, Syying; McQuillan, Jeff – Journal of Language and Literacy Education, 2012
Three multivariate analyses, all controlling for the effects of poverty, confirm the importance of the library. Replicating McQuillan's analysis of 1992 NAEP scores, this study finds that access to books in school and public libraries was a significant predictor of 2007 fourth grade NAEP reading scores, as well as the difference between grade 4…
Descriptors: School Libraries, Public Libraries, Access to Information, Books
