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Direct linkLee, Okhee – Asia-Pacific Science Education, 2021
In the United States, "A Framework for K-12 Science Education" (National Research Council, 2012) and Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) offer a vision of rigorous science standards for all students across K-12 classrooms. As science and engineering practices (e.g., develop models, argue from evidence, construct explanations) are…
Descriptors: Science Instruction, Second Language Instruction, STEM Education, Elementary School Science
Grapin, Scott – TESOL Quarterly: A Journal for Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages and of Standard English as a Second Dialect, 2019
New content standards in English language arts and literacy, mathematics, and science expect all students, including English learners (ELs), to use multiple modes beyond language. Traditionally, conceptualizations of multimodality in EL education and the content areas have differed considerably. To acknowledge and begin confronting these…
Descriptors: Standards, English Language Learners, Course Content, Science Instruction
Carroll, Patricia E.; Bailey, Alison L. – Language Testing, 2016
English language proficiency assessments (ELPA) are used in the United States to measure annually the English language progress and proficiency of English-language learners (ELLs), a subgroup of language minority students who receive language acquisition support mandated and largely funded by Title III (NCLB, 2001). ELPA proficient and…
Descriptors: Classification, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Language Proficiency
