Intelligent Personal Assistants (IPAs) are becoming more prevalent in daily and educational contexts, increasing the possibility of using them as learning partners that can provide more personalized and learner-centric learning opportunities. However, research has primarily focused on educational advantages that IPAs may provide, overlooking…

Self-directed learning (SDL) ability, its usefulness in higher education and life-long learning have been highlighted in previous literature. However, there has been much less understanding of the effects of SDL ability in the school settings, specifically the effects on learners' SDL behaviors and processes. To address this limitation, this study…

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of scenario-based interactive videos, on students' achievement and their development of self-regulated learning behaviors, when used in an English grammar course. Scenario-based interactive videos can present an experience-centered learning environment that enables students to be more…