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Chen, Jianlin – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2020
The parasitic model proposes that novel words in L3 learning will build parasitic connections to already learned words that share orthographic or phonological similarities. This accounts for little in terms of the connections between words that share very few similarities. The present study explored the parasitic connections of L3 word concepts to…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Native Language, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language)
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Dahl, Tove Irene; Ludvigsen, Susanne – Modern Language Journal, 2014
In what ways do native language (NL) speakers and foreign language (FL) learners differ in understanding the same messages delivered with or without gestures? To answer this question, seventh- and eighth-grade NL and FL learners of English in the United States and Norway were shown a video of a speaker describing, in English, a cartoon image that…
Descriptors: Role, Nonverbal Communication, Second Language Learning, Listening Comprehension