Computational thinking (CT) is widely recognized as a fundamental skill in the information age. However, within the context of Chinese early childhood education (ECE), CT remains underrepresented, with a notable gap in the availability of developmentally appropriate and rigorously validated assessment tools designed specifically for…

With Artificial intelligence (AI) literacy gaining more and more attention at the kindergarten level, it is becoming critical to assess the AI literacy levels of kindergarten children and develop appropriate courses to enhance their foundational AI knowledge and skills. This study proposes and validates a comprehensive AI literacy assessment tool…

The significance of teachers' self-efficacy in coding education within K-12 settings has grown substantially. However, the literature lacks subject-specific measurement tools tailored to assess teachers' self-efficacy in coding instruction. This study adopted a mixed methods approach to develop a reliable and valid instrument for measuring…