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Eshach, Haim; Dor-Ziderman, Yair; Arbel, Yael – Journal of Science Education and Technology, 2011
The present research aims shifting "scaffolding" from an inspiring metaphor to a practical tool to be used by kindergarten teachers when conducting scientific activities. It identifies scaffolding strategies that three experienced kindergarten teachers, ones acknowledged as excelling in science teaching, implicitly used when conducting science…
Descriptors: Science Activities, Figurative Language, Kindergarten, Scaffolding (Teaching Technique)
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Apthorp, Helen S.; Igel, Charles; Dean, Ceri – School Science and Mathematics, 2012
The purpose of the study was to update previous meta-analytic findings on the effectiveness of using similarities and differences as an instructional strategy. The strategy includes facilitating student comparison, classification, use of analogies, and use of metaphors. Previously, Marzano, Pickering, and Pollock reported a mean effect size of…
Descriptors: Educational Strategies, Control Groups, Elementary Secondary Education, Academic Achievement