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Walpole, Sharon; McKenna, Michael C.; Uribe-Zarain, Ximena; Lamitina, David – Elementary School Journal, 2010
In this study of 116 high-poverty schools, we explored teaching and coaching in grades K-3. We developed and validated observation protocols for both coaching and teaching. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were computed to identify and confirm factors that explained the protocol data. Three coaching factors were identified in both…
Descriptors: Poverty, Reading Aloud to Others, Structural Equation Models, Factor Structure
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Burke, Mack D.; Hagan-Burke, Shanna; Zou, Yuanyuan; Kwok, Oiman – Remedial and Special Education, 2010
The reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act has initiated changes that are affecting early literacy assessment, and it has prompted the growing use of measures that incorporate phonological and alphabetic fluency. However, the question of how phonological and alphabetic fluency can inhibit (or promote) reading…
Descriptors: Structural Equation Models, Disabilities, Reading Ability, Kindergarten