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Download full textManna, Venessa; Yoo, Hanwook; Monfils, Lora – ETS Research Report Series, 2018
In this study, we assessed the invariance in the factor structure underlying English-language proficiency for two groups of adolescent learners in Japan: students in middle school (ages 13-15 years) and students in high school (ages 16-18 years). Language proficiency was measured using the "TOEFL Junior"® Comprehensive test, an…
Descriptors: Testing, Language Tests, English (Second Language), Performance
Zhang, Mo; Deane, Paul – ETS Research Report Series, 2015
In educational measurement contexts, essays have been evaluated and formative feedback has been given based on the end product. In this study, we used a large sample collected from middle school students in the United States to investigate the factor structure of the writing process features gathered from keystroke logs and the association of that…
Descriptors: Middle School Students, Student Writing Models, Writing Processes, Factor Structure
Deane, Paul – ETS Research Report Series, 2014
This paper explores automated methods for measuring features of student writing and determining their relationship to writing quality and other features of literacy, such as reading rest scores. In particular, it uses the "e-rater"™ automatic essay scoring system to measure "product" features (measurable traits of the final…
Descriptors: Writing Processes, Writing Evaluation, Student Evaluation, Writing Skills
