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Lohman, Brenda J.; Kaura, Shelby A.; Newman, Barbara M. – Youth & Society, 2007
This study applies the family--systems concept of differentiation (the balance of autonomy-granting and connectedness) to another primary system of adolescent development--school. This study assessed the relationships among levels of family and school differentiation to the externalizing and internalizing behaviors, peer group membership, and…
Descriptors: Peer Groups, Group Membership, Grade Point Average, Academic Achievement
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Parker, Jeffrey G.; Gamm, Bridget K. – New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2003
This chapter addresses the potential implications of mutual antipathies for children's experiences with the peer group as well as the behaviors and perceptions that may drive dyadic disdain. It raises four questions for consideration: (1) What are the demographics of dyadic disdain?; (2) How do enemy relationships relate to preadolescents' broader…
Descriptors: Peer Groups, Preadolescents, Peer Relationship, Student Adjustment