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Statter, David; Armoni, Michal – ACM Transactions on Computing Education, 2020
Abstraction is one of the most fundamental ideas in computer science (CS), and as such, according to Bruner, it should be taught spirally, starting as early as possible and revisited at every level of education. However, teaching CS abstraction to novices is a very challenging task, and CS educational research has often demonstrated students'…
Descriptors: Middle School Students, Grade 7, Computer Science Education, Abstract Reasoning
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Xu, Zhen; Ritzhaupt, Albert D.; Tian, Fengchun; Umapathy, Karthikeyan – Computer Science Education, 2019
Background and Context: The use of block-based programming environments is purported to be a good way to gently introduce novice computer programmers to computer programming. A small, but growing body of research examines the differences between block-based and text-based programming environments. Objective: Thus, the purpose of this study was to…
Descriptors: Outcomes of Education, Novices, Computer Science Education, Programming
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Su, Addison Y. S.; Huang, Chester S. J.; Yang, Stephen J. H.; Ding, T. J.; Hsieh, Y. Z. – Educational Technology & Society, 2015
In Taiwan elementary schools, Scratch programming has been taught for more than four years. Previous studies have shown that personal annotations is a useful learning method that improve learning performance. An annotation-based Scratch programming (ASP) system provides for the creation, share, and review of annotations and homework solutions in…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Elementary School Students, Grade 6, Programming