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Direct linkLijun Shen; Zitsi Mirakhur; Sarah LaCour – Computer Science Education, 2025
Background and Context: Educators and researchers are interested in building the computational thinking (CT) skills of K-12 students. However, the availability of language-agnostic assessments for lower elementary graders remains limited. Objective: We present preliminary insights into the reliability and validity of the Computational Thinking…
Descriptors: Thinking Skills, Gender Differences, Computer Science Education, Elementary School Students
Tsai, Meng-Jung; Wang, Ching-Yeh; Hsu, Po-Fen – Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2019
Computer programming has been gradually emphasized in recent computer literacy education and regarded as a requirement for all middle school students in some countries. To understand young students' perceptions about their own learning in computer programming, this study aimed to develop an instrument, Computer Programming Self-Efficacy Scale…
Descriptors: Programming, Computer Literacy, Middle School Students, Student Attitudes
