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Tsai, Meng-Jung; Wang, Ching-Yeh; Hsu, Po-Fen – Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2019
Computer programming has been gradually emphasized in recent computer literacy education and regarded as a requirement for all middle school students in some countries. To understand young students' perceptions about their own learning in computer programming, this study aimed to develop an instrument, Computer Programming Self-Efficacy Scale…
Descriptors: Programming, Computer Literacy, Middle School Students, Student Attitudes
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Halit Karalar – International Technology and Education Journal, 2023
The purpose of this study is to adapt the "Computer Programming Self-Efficacy Scale for Computer Literacy Education (CPSES)" developed by Tsai et al. (2019) into Turkish for middle school students and to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool. The participants of the study consisted of 348 eighth grade students. In order to test…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Programming, Computer Literacy, Middle School Students