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Direct linkDahl, Amanda C.; Carlson, Sarah E.; Renken, Maggie; McCarthy, Kathryn S.; Reynolds, Erin – Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 2021
Purpose: Complex features of science texts present idiosyncratic challenges for middle grade readers, especially in a post-Common Core educational world where students' learning is dependent on understanding informational text. The primary aim of this study was to explore how middle school readers process science texts and whether such…
Descriptors: Science Materials, Textbooks, Difficulty Level, Readability
Download full textOzaki, Sachiko; Ueda, Isao – JALT CALL Journal, 2020
This experimental study examined how VSTF (Visual-Syntactic Text Formatting)-based text benefits reading speed, reading comprehension, reading efficiency and retention for middle and high school students. Prospective within-subjects tests were conducted in Japan on a total of 132 students: 76 high school students from 12th grade and 56 middle…
Descriptors: Scaffolding (Teaching Technique), Teaching Methods, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Stevens, Robert J.; Lu, Xiaofei; Baker, David P.; Ray, Melissa N.; Eckert, Sarah A.; Gamson, David A. – American Educational Research Journal, 2015
This research investigated the cognitive demands of reading curricula from 1910 to 2000. We considered both the nature of the text used and the comprehension tasks asked of students in determining the cognitive demands of the curricula. Contrary to the common assumption of a trend of simplification of the texts and comprehension tasks in third-…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Reading Instruction, Curriculum
