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Direct linkChristensen, Rhonda R.; Knezek, Gerald A. – AERA Online Paper Repository, 2019
The Technology Proficiency Self Assessment (TPSA) has been used since 1997 in its original form with only a few minor modifications (changing Alta Vista as a search engine example to Google). The survey instrument has retained its reliability even in the evolving arena of educational technology. The survey has been translated to multiple languages…
Descriptors: Technological Literacy, Technology Integration, Elementary School Teachers, Middle School Teachers
Morales, Cesareo; Knezek, Gerald; Christensen, Rhonda – Computers in the Schools, 2008
The Technology Proficiency Self-Assessment (TPSA) questionnaire was administered to 978 elementary and middle school teachers from Mexico City, and 932 elementary and middle school teachers from the Dallas, Texas, metroplex in the USA, in order to examine self-efficacy similarities and differences for technology proficiency self-appraisals in a…
Descriptors: Self Efficacy, Foreign Countries, Educational Technology, Middle School Teachers
