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Direct linkTânia Fernandes; Sofia Velasco; Isabel Leite – Developmental Science, 2024
Discrimination of reversible mirrored letters (e.g., d and b) poses a challenge when learning to read as it requires overcoming "mirror invariance," an evolutionary-old perceptual tendency of processing mirror images as equivalent. The present study investigated "when," in reading development, mirror-image discrimination…
Descriptors: Grade 2, Grade 3, Grade 4, Grade 5
Paige, David D.; Smith, Grant S.; Rupley, William H. – Literacy Research and Instruction, 2023
Phonemic awareness is thought to be a causal factor predicting early reading acquisition while its influence diminishes as other reading skills develop. This is a descriptive study of 74, primarily African American, fifth- through eighth-grade students attending a small, inner-city school. The study sought to determine the relationship between…
Descriptors: Phonemic Awareness, Phoneme Grapheme Correspondence, Word Recognition, Reading Skills
Lovett, Maureen W.; Frijters, Jan C.; Steinbach, Karen A.; Sevcik, Rose A.; Morris, Robin D. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2021
Adolescents with reading disability (RD) participated in a randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of a multiple-component reading intervention with motivational components (PHAST). A total of 514 youth in 6th, 7th, and 8th grade formed instructional groups (4-8) that were randomly assigned to one of three conditions--one of two PHAST…
Descriptors: Early Adolescents, Grade 6, Grade 7, Grade 8
Kohnen, Saskia; Colenbrander, Danielle; Krajenbrink, Trudy; Nickels, Lyndsey – Australian Journal of Learning Difficulties, 2015
The main aim of this study was to develop standardised tests that assess some of the most important spelling skills for children in primary school: sound-letter mappings (non-lexical spelling) and word spelling accuracy (lexical spelling). We present normative comparison data for children in Grades 1-7 as well as measures of validity and…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Standardized Tests, Spelling, Primary Education
