Most of the literature on lottery-based charter school research focuses on charters in large urban centers, primarily finding that they raise standardized test scores. In contrast, the limited rigorous research on rural and suburban charters suggests that they reduce or do not affect test scores. However, this evidence is limited, and almost no work has examined the impacts of charters in "any" setting on college graduation. A new working paper, "Different Paths to College Success: The Impact of Massachusetts' Charter Schools on College Trajectories," fills this crucial gap, examining the effects of urban and nonurban charter schools on students' postsecondary outcomes. The paper estimates Massachusetts charter schools' causal effects by comparing students who won charter admissions lotteries to those who did not. This brief provides a summary of that research, showing that varied charter school models can improve student outcomes and that using test scores as proxies for long-term student achievement may have some limitations.