This study investigates when and how awareness of knowledge gaps (AKG) manifests by observing the problem-solving phase of the educational approach known as problem-solving followed by instruction (PS-I). By comprehensively exploring cognitive and metacognitive process of learners during this phase and categorizing students' judgements of…

The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore how learners describe what factors lead learners to abandon a learning strategy and adopt another learning strategy and how the new learning strategy differs from previously learned and implemented learning strategies to reduce the extraneous cognitive load on a single science,…

When learning from texts, it is not only important that learners remember and comprehend the content, but also that they monitor and accurately judge their memory and comprehension so as to efficiently regulate their learning. In the present experiment with 51 university students, we investigated to what extent headings within texts promote these…

This study explores eight key themes: Self-control, personalized learning, smartphone habits, future-time perspective, information overload, digital literacy, meaningful learning, and metacognitive awareness. The primary objective is to investigate the correlations among these factors. Virtual presence serves as a moderating variable, influencing…

To prevent students from learning risks and improve teachers' teaching quality, it is of great significance to provide accurate early warning of learning performance to students by analyzing their interactions through an e-learning system. In existing research, the correlations between learning risks and students' changing cognitive abilities or…

A video lesson with generative learning activities has the potential to improve learning by engaging learners. However, existing literature regarding designing and implementing an interactive video lesson is insufficient. In the present study, we aimed to investigate: a) whether the use of the summarizing strategy would benefit learning via video…

Purpose: The importance of metacognitive awareness in learning, on the one hand, and the necessity of considering demographic variables, on the other hand, have encouraged the researchers to conduct this research. This research aims to initially determine the relationship between the level of metacognitive awareness and demographic variables of…

Learning objectives, especially those well defined by applying Bloom's taxonomy for Cognitive Objectives, have been widely recognized as important in various teaching and learning practices. However, many educators have difficulties developing learning objectives appropriate to the levels in Bloom's taxonomy, as they need to consider the…

In most mathematics textbooks, each lesson is followed by a set of homework problems in one of two ways -- blocked practice and mixed practice. Additionally, most mathematics textbooks rely on a common learning strategy called overlearning, that is, mastering a skill and continuing to practice this same skill. This study investigated the effects…

Background: When watching educational online videos, learners need to determine whether the videos' contents are suitable for learning. Whereas this may induce metacognitive monitoring processes, it may also distract learners from the learning materials. Objectives: In the current set of experiments, we investigated whether asking participants to…

Extensive research on process-oriented guided inquiry learning (POGIL) has addressed its impact on student performance but little attention has been devoted to approaches to learning and performance on delayed tests. The use of POGIL in online education must also be explored. This research concerns changes in students' approaches to learning and…

A Study with undergraduate engineering students was conducted in order to evaluate whether cognitive and comprehending ability can be improved by incorporating the tool based learning. The simulator tools and virtual labs were used to represent tool based learning. The study was conducted on three different years of students. In the first stage…

This article explores the design, implementation, and evaluation of the Passports tool, developed to address the persistent challenge of bridging theoretical knowledge with practical application in Initial Teacher Education (ITE). Grounded in design-based research (DBR), the Passports were iteratively created to integrate academic and professional…

Evidence regarding the benefits of an instructor's deictic gestures in video lectures on adults' learning may not necessarily be reflective of their effect on children's learning. Furthermore, there is a lack evidence regarding how deictic gestures specifically affect learners' learning process. Based in cognitive load theory, with consideration…

Empirical evidence remains sparse about how videos enhanced with first-language (L1) and second-language (L2) subtitles influence cognitive load in L2 learners. To address this point, 25 Korean undergraduate students were exposed to six short videos: baseline, L1-subtitled, and L2-subtitled videos at both high and low difficulty levels (determined…