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Dongmei Li; Shalini Kapoor; Ann Arthur; Chi-Yu Huang; YoungWoo Cho; Chen Qiu; Hongling Wang – ACT Education Corp., 2025
Starting in April 2025, ACT will introduce enhanced forms of the ACT® test for national online testing, with a full rollout to all paper and online test takers in national, state and district, and international test administrations by Spring 2026. ACT introduced major updates by changing the test lengths and testing times, providing more time per…
Descriptors: College Entrance Examinations, Testing, Change, Scoring
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Agmon, Galit; Loewenstein, Yonatan; Grodzinsky, Yosef – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Negated sentences are known to be more cognitively taxing than positive ones (i.e., "polarity effect"). We present evidence that two factors contribute to the polarity effect in verification tasks: processing the sentence and verifying its truth value. To quantify the relative contribution of each, we used a delayed verification task.…
Descriptors: Sentence Structure, Task Analysis, Language Processing, Short Term Memory
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Cowan, Nelson; Guitard, Dominic; Greene, Nathaniel R.; Fiset, Sylvain – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
In the traditional conception of working memory for word lists, phonological codes are used primarily, and semantic codes are often discarded or ignored. Yet, other evidence indicates an important role for semantic codes. We carried out a preplanned set of four experiments to determine whether phonological and semantic codes are used similarly or…
Descriptors: Phonology, Semantics, Short Term Memory, Rhyme
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Denizer Yildirim; Hale Ilgaz; Alper Bayazit; Gökhan Akçapinar – International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 2023
One of the biggest challenges for online learning is upholding academic integrity in online assessments. In particular, institutions and faculties attach importance to exam security and academic dishonesty in the online learning process. The aim of this study was to compare the test-taking behaviors and academic achievements of students in…
Descriptors: Student Behavior, Supervision, Electronic Learning, Academic Achievement
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Fröber, Kerstin; Jurczyk, Vanessa; Dreisbach, Gesine – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Frequent forced switching between tasks has been shown to reduce switch costs and increase voluntary switch rates. So far, however, the boundary conditions of the influence of forced task switching on voluntary task switching are unknown. Thus, the present study was aimed to test different aspects of generalizability (across items, tasks, and…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Attention Control, Task Analysis, Generalization
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Harding, Bradley; Cousineau, Denis – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
The same-different task is a classic paradigm that requires participants to judge whether two successively presented stimuli are the same or different. While this task is simple, with results that have been replicated many times, response times (RTs) and accuracy for both same and different decisions remain difficult to model. The biggest obstacle…
Descriptors: Self Concept, Task Analysis, Priming, Reaction Time
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Panzer, Stefan; Pfeifer, Christina; Leinen, Peter; Shea, Charles – Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 2022
The aim of this experiment was to determine if dyad practice helped individuals become aware, use, and retain information in a dynamically changing perceptual-motor task compared with practice alone. We used a computerized perceptual-motor task, where individuals were required to intercept balls that dropped from the top of the screen. A colored…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Psychomotor Skills, Physical Activities, Perceptual Motor Coordination
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Roark, Casey L.; Lehet, Matthew I.; Dick, Frederic; Holt, Lori L. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Category learning is fundamental to cognition, but little is known about how it proceeds in real-world environments when learners do not have instructions to search for category-relevant information, do not make overt category decisions, and do not experience direct feedback. Prior research demonstrates that listeners can acquire task-irrelevant…
Descriptors: Classification, Learning Processes, Schemata (Cognition), Decision Making
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Kinoshita, Sachiko; Mills, Luke – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
The present study investigated how response mode (oral vs. manual) modulates the Stroop effect using a picture variant of the Stroop task in which participants named orally, or identified with a manual keypress, line drawings of animals (e.g., camel). Consistent with previous color-response Stroop studies, relative to the nonlinguistic neutral…
Descriptors: Phonology, Language Processing, Animals, Color
Matlen, Bryan J.; Gentner, Dedre; Franconeri, Steven L. – Grantee Submission, 2020
Humans have a uniquely sophisticated ability to see past superficial features and to understand the relational structure of the world around us. This ability often requires that we compare structures, finding commonalities and differences across visual depictions that are arranged in space, such as maps, graphs, or diagrams. Although such visual…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Visual Perception, Visual Stimuli, Teaching Methods
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Li, Xiangqian; Li, Bingxin; Liu, Xuhong; Lages, Martin; Stoet, Gijsbert – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
In experiments with univalent target stimuli, task-switching costs can be eliminated if participants are unaware of the task rules and apply cue-target-response associations. However, in experiments with bivalent target stimuli, participants show task-switching costs. Participants may exhibit switch costs even when no task rules are provided in…
Descriptors: Chinese, Second Language Learning, Cues, Task Analysis
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Myyry, Liisa; Joutsenvirta, Taina – Active Learning in Higher Education, 2015
The aim of this study was to investigate university students' experiences of open-book, open-web online examinations compared to traditional class examinations concerning preparing, responding, and learning. The data (N?=?110) were collected by an online survey from the university students who took an online examination. The students used…
Descriptors: Computer Assisted Testing, College Students, Student Experience, Comparative Analysis
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Kim, Say Young; Wang, Min; Taft, Marcus – Scientific Studies of Reading, 2015
Korean has visually salient syllable units that are often mapped onto either prefixes or suffixes in derived words. In addition, prefixed and suffixed words may be processed differently given a left-to-right parsing procedure and the need to resolve morphemic ambiguity in prefixes in Korean. To test this hypothesis, four experiments using the…
Descriptors: Morphology (Languages), Morphemes, Korean, Syllables
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Delen, Erhan – EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology Education, 2015
As technology has become more advanced and accessible in instructional settings, there has been an upward trend in computer-based testing in the last decades. The present experimental study examines students' behaviors during computer-based testing in two different conditions and explores how these conditions affect the test results. Results…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Computer Assisted Testing, Student Behavior, Test Results
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Roelofs, Ardi – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
Investigators have found no agreement on the functional locus of Stroop interference in vocal naming. Whereas it has long been assumed that the interference arises during spoken word planning, more recently some investigators have revived an account from the 1960s and 1970s holding that the interference occurs in an articulatory buffer after word…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Interference (Language), Naming, Pictorial Stimuli
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