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Tabullo, Ángel Javier; Shalom, Diego; Sevilla, Yamila; Gattei, Carolina Andrea; París, Luis; Wainselboim, Alejandro – Mind, Brain, and Education, 2020
Electrophysiology studies have identified two event-related potentials that are modulated by predictive processes during language comprehension: the N400 and a frontal positivity. The N400 is smaller when words are presented within highly restrictive sentences, indicating reduced lexical retrieval costs. Violations of strong predictions generate…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Prediction, Sentences, Language Processing
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Hendrix, Peter; Bolger, Patrick; Baayen, Harald – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
Recent studies have documented frequency effects for word n-grams, independently of word unigram frequency. Further studies have revealed constructional prototype effects, both at the word level as well as for phrases. The present speech production study investigates the time course of these effects for the production of prepositional phrases in…
Descriptors: Word Frequency, Brain, Cognitive Measurement, Speech
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McCauley, Stewart M; Hestvik, Arild; Vogel, Irene – Language and Speech, 2013
Previous research using picture/word matching tasks has demonstrated a tendency to incorrectly interpret phrasally stressed strings as compounds. Using event-related potentials, we sought to determine whether this pattern stems from poor perceptual sensitivity to the compound/phrasal stress distinction, or from a post-perceptual bias in behavioral…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Suprasegmentals, Brain, Cognitive Measurement
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Varnum, Michael E. W.; Na, Jinkyung; Murata, Asuka; Kitayama, Shinobu – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2012
An emerging literature indicates that dispositional bias in causal attribution of social behavior is weaker for people with working-class (vs. middle-class) backgrounds. However, it is unknown whether this difference is also present in spontaneous forms of trait inference. In the current work, American undergraduates were asked to merely memorize…
Descriptors: Social Differences, Inferences, Middle Class, Working Class
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Jalbert, Annie; Neath, Ian; Bireta, Tamra J.; Surprenant, Aimee M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2011
The word length effect, the finding that lists of short words are better recalled than lists of long words, has been termed one of the benchmark findings that any theory of immediate memory must account for. Indeed, the effect led directly to the development of working memory and the phonological loop, and it is viewed as the best remaining…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, College Students, Language Processing, Learning Processes
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Barnes-Holmes, Dermot; Staunton, Carmel; Whelan, Robert; Barnes-Holmes, Yvonne; Commins, Sean; Walsh, Derek; Stewart, Ian; Smeets, Paul M.; Dymond, Simon – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2005
Derived equivalence relations, it has been argued, provide a behavioral model of semantic or symbolic meaning in natural language, and thus equivalence relations should possess properties that are typically associated with semantic relations. The present study sought to test this basic postulate using semantic priming. Across three experiments,…
Descriptors: Semantics, Priming, Language Processing, Reaction Time
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Barnes-Holmes, Dermot; Regan, Donal; Barnes-Holmes, Yvonne; Commins, Sean; Walsh, Derek; Stewart, Ian; Smeets, Paul M.; Whelan, Robert; Dymond, Simon – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2005
The current study aimed to test a Relational Frame Theory (RFT) model of analogical reasoning based on the relating of derived same and derived difference relations. Experiment 1 recorded reaction time measures of similar-similar (e.g., "apple is to orange as dog is to cat") versus different-different (e.g., "he is to his brother as…
Descriptors: Logical Thinking, Reaction Time, Accuracy, Brain