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Gesa Fee Komar; Laura Mieth; Axel Buchner; Raoul Bell – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
The animacy effect refers to the memory advantage of words denoting animate beings over words denoting inanimate objects. Remembering animate beings may serve important evolutionary functions, but the cognitive mechanism underlying the animacy effect has remained elusive. According to the richness-of-encoding account, animate words stimulate…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Cognitive Processes, Memory, Recall (Psychology)
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Li-Chih Wang; Kevin Kien-Hoa Chung; Rong-An Jhuo – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2025
Processing efficiency theory can explain the relationship between anxiety and academic success; however, its application to adults with Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD) remains unclear, especially in a nonalphabetic language, such as Chinese. This study investigated the effects of working memory and processing speed on the relationships…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Learning Disabilities, Students with Disabilities, Short Term Memory
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Kate Cockcroft – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2024
Investigations of working memory advantages in bilinguals yield inconsistent findings. Even less is known about how the addition of languages beyond two (multilingualism) may affect working memory. Due to their experience with managing multiple languages, it is possible that multilinguals may be more practised in the use of their working memories.…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Multilingualism, Foreign Countries, Intelligence
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Ymkje E. Haverkamp; Ivar Bråten – Literacy Research and Instruction, 2024
This study used a correlational design and a path analytic approach to investigate direct and indirect relationships between strategic backtracking and integrated text understanding when undergraduates read a digital informational text on a tablet or a smartphone. In digital reading contexts, strategic backtracking involves that readers…
Descriptors: Electronic Publishing, Handheld Devices, Reading Comprehension, Reading Strategies
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Schwab, Juliane; Xiang, Ming; Liu, Mingya – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Antilocality effects provide strong evidence for expectation-based sentence parsing models. Previous discussion of the antilocality effect, however, largely focused on the argument-verb dependencies in verb-final constructions, for which a memory retrieval-based account has been argued to be equally adequate. To test whether the principles of…
Descriptors: Sentences, Language Processing, Memory, German
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Nur Basak Karatas; Oya Özemir; Jarrett T. Lovelett; Bora Demir; Kemal Erkol; João Veríssimo; Gülcan Erçetin; Michael T. Ullman – Language Teaching Research, 2025
We investigated whether learning and retaining vocabulary in a second language (L2) can be improved by leveraging a combination of memory enhancement techniques. Specifically, we tested whether combining retrieval practice, spacing, and related manipulations in a 'multidomain' pedagogical approach enhances vocabulary acquisition as compared to a…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Accuracy
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Wu, Ying Choon; Müller, Horst M.; Coulson, Seana – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2022
Multi-modal discourse comprehension requires speakers to combine information from speech and gestures. To date, little research has addressed the cognitive resources that underlie these processes. Here we used a dual-task paradigm to test the relative importance of verbal and visuospatial working memory in speech-gesture comprehension. Healthy,…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Comprehension, Nonverbal Communication, Speech
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Kumar, Abhilasha A.; Balota, David A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
The phenomenological experience of lexical retrieval often involves repeated, active attempts to retrieve phonologically and/or semantically related information. However, the influence of these multiple retrieval attempts on subsequent lexical retrieval is presently unknown. We investigated the influence of passively viewing or actively retrieving…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Repetition, Priming, Phonology
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Berglund-Barraza, Amy; Carey, Sarah; Hart, John; Vanneste, Sven; Evans, Julia L. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2023
Background: Phonological working memory is key to vocabulary acquisition, spoken word recognition, real-time language processing, and reading. Transcranial direct current stimulation, when coupled with behavioral training, has been shown to facilitate speech motor output processes, a key component of nonword repetition, the primary task used to…
Descriptors: College Students, Young Adults, Phonology, Short Term Memory
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Antony, James W.; Bennion, Kelly A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
Semantic similarity between stimuli can lead to false memories and can also potentially cause retroactive interference (RI) for veridical memories. Here, participants first learned spatial locations for "critical" words that reliably produce false memories in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm. Next, participants centrally viewed…
Descriptors: Semantics, Task Analysis, Spatial Ability, Ambiguity (Semantics)
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Agmon, Galit; Loewenstein, Yonatan; Grodzinsky, Yosef – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Negated sentences are known to be more cognitively taxing than positive ones (i.e., "polarity effect"). We present evidence that two factors contribute to the polarity effect in verification tasks: processing the sentence and verifying its truth value. To quantify the relative contribution of each, we used a delayed verification task.…
Descriptors: Sentence Structure, Task Analysis, Language Processing, Short Term Memory
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Norberg, Kole A.; Perfetti, Charles; Helder, Anne – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Eye tracking and event-related potentials (ERPs) have complementary advantages in the study of reading processes. We used eye tracking to extend ERP evidence of Helder et al. (2020) that word-to-text integration at the beginnings and ends of sentences is primarily determined by local text factors (antecedents in a previous sentence) but that…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Diagnostic Tests, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Nouns
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Yuxin Chen; Yaqiong Wang – Language Teaching Research Quarterly, 2024
This study investigates how academic disciplines impact second language (L2) lexical competencies. Prior L2 research has often overlooked the broader effects of disciplinary backgrounds on lexical development. To address this gap, this study utilized lexical decision, memory, and semantic fluency tasks to examine lexicon recognition, memory, and…
Descriptors: Semantics, Second Language Learning, Reaction Time, Accuracy
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Amir Mahshanian; Mohammadtaghi Shahnazari; Ahmad Moinzadeh – TESL-EJ, 2025
This study investigates the relationships among working memory (WM), syntactic parsing ability (SP), and L2 reading performance across varying proficiency levels. A cohort of 120 L1-Persian EFL learners was categorized into beginner, intermediate, and advanced proficiency groups based on their IELTS scores. Participants completed a reading span…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Reading Achievement
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Navarro, Ester; Macnamara, Brooke N.; Glucksberg, Sam; Conway, Andrew R. A. – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2020
The underlying cognitive mechanisms explaining why speakers sometimes make communication errors are not well understood. Some scholars have theorized that audience design engages automatic processes when a listener is present; others argue that it relies on effortful resources, even if a listener is present. We hypothesized that working memory is…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Short Term Memory, Individual Differences, Error Patterns
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